Bilingual Learning Center (BLC)

Past research focused on noise level (measured in decibels) and people's responses.

Noise 'maps'

• Show that the highest noise levels are usually found on roads
• Do not show other sources of noise, e.g. when windows are open or people's neighbours are in their 31
• Ignore variations in people's perceptions of noise
• Have made people realize that the noise is a 32 issue that must be dealt with

Problems caused by noise

• Sleep disturbance
• Increase in amount of stress
• Effect on the 33 of schoolchildren

Different types of noise

Some noises can be considered pleasant e.g. the sound of a 34 in a town. To investigate this, researchers may use methods from 35 sciences e.g. questionnaires

What people want

Plenty of activity in urban environments which are 36, but also allow people to relax

But architects and town planners

• Do not get much 37 in acoustics
• Regard sound as the responsibility of engineers

Understanding sound as an art form

We need to know:

• how sound relates to 38
• what can be learnt from psychology about the effects of sound
• whether physics can help us understand the 39 of sound

Virtual reality programs

• advantage: predict the effect of buildings
• current disadvantage: they are 40

19th century

• For the first time, people's possessions were used to measure Britain's 31
• Developments in production of goods and in 32 greatly changed lives.

MAIN AREAS OF CHANGE

Manufacturing

• The Industrial Revolution would not have happened without the new types of 33 that were used then.
• The leading industry was 34 (its products became widely available).
• New 35 made factories necessary and so more people moved into towns.

Transport

• The railways took the place of canals.
• Because of the new transport:
• - greater access to 36 made people more aware of what they could buy in shops.
• - when shopping, people were not limited to buying 37 goods.

Retailing

• The first department stores were opened.
• The displays of goods were more visible:
• - inside stores because of better 38
• - outside stores, because 39 were bigger.
• 40 that was persuasive became much more common.

Definition: A winding spiral path leading to a central area

Labyrinths compared with maze

• Mazes are a type of 31
• - 32 is needed to navigate through a maze
• - the 'maze' is derived from a word meaning a feeling of 33
• Labyrinths represent a journey through life
• - they have frequently been used in 34 and prayer

Early examples

• Ancient carvings on 35 have been found across many cultures
• The Pima, a Native American tribe, wove the symbol on baskets
• Ancient Greeks used the symbol on 36

Walking Labyrinths

• The largest surviving example of a turf labyrinth one had a big 37 at its centre

Labyrinths nowadays

• Believed to have a beneficial impact on mental and physical health, e.g., walking a maze can Reduce a person's 38 rate
• Used in medical and health and fitness settings and also prisons
• Popular with patients, visitors and staff in hospital
• - patients who can't walk can use finger labyrinths' made from 39
• - research has shown that Alzheimer's suffers experience less 40

The Icelandic language

• has approximately 31 speakers
• has a 32 that is still growing
• has not changed a lot over the last thousand years
• has its own words for computer-based concepts, such as web browser and 33

Young speakers

• are big user of digital technology, such as 34
• are becoming 35 very quickly
• are having discussions using only English while then are in the 36 at school
• are better able to identify the content of a 37 in English than Icelandic

Technology and internet companies

• Write very little in Icelandic because of the small number of speakers and because of how complicated its 38 is

The Icelandic government

• has set up a found to support the production of more digital content in the language
• believes that Icelandic has a secure future
• is worried that young Icelandic may lose their 39 as Icelanders
• is worried about the consequences of children not being 40 in either Icelandic or English

Most birds are believed to migrate seasonally.

Hibernation theory

• It was believed that birds hibernated underwater or buried themselves in 31
• This theory was letter disproved by experiments on caged birds.

Transmutation theory

• Aristotle believed birds changed from one species into another in summer and winter.
• -In autumn he observed that redstarts experience the loss of 32 and though they then turned into robins.
• -Aristotle's assumptions were logical because the two species of birds had a similar 33

17th century

• Charles Morton popularized the idea that birds fly to the 34

Scientific developments

• In 1882, a stork was killed in Germany which had an African spear in its 35
• -previously there had been no 36 that storks migrate to Africa
• Little was known about the 37 and journeys of migrating birds
• -It was thought large birds carried small birds in some journeys because they were considered incapable of travelling across huge 38.
• - Ringing depended on what is called the 39 of dead birds.

• In 1931 the first 40 to show the migration of European birds was printed.

The trees

• tree trunks may not have the correct 35 until they have been growing for 40 years.
• The changing temperature and movement of water within the tree produces the sap.

The production

• A tap is drilled into the trunks and a 36 carries the sap into a bucked.
• Large pans of sap called evaporators are heated the evaporation process.
• Sugar sand ' is remove because it makes the syrup look 39 and affective the taste
• The syrup is ready for use.
• A huge quaintly of sap is needed to make a 40 of maple syrup.

Reasons for overpopulation at Majete National Park

• strict enforcement of anti-poaching laws
• successful breeding

Problem caused by elephant overpopulation

• greater competition, causing hunger for elephants
• damage to 31 In the park

The translocation process

• a suitable group of elephants from the same 32 was
• vets and park staff made use of 33 to help guide the elephants into an open plain
• elephants were immobilized with tranquilisers
• - this process had to be completed quickly to reduce 34
• - elephants had to be turned on their 35 to avoid damage to their lungs
• - elephants ' 36 had to be monitored constantly
• - tracking device were fitted to be matriarchs
• - data including the size of their tusks and 37 was taken
• elephants were taken by truck to their new reserve

Advantages of translocation at Nkhotakota Wildlife Park

• 38 opportunities
• a education in the number of poachers and 39
• an example of conservation that other parks can follow
• an increase in 40 as a contributor to GDP

His novel, Les Miserable

• It has been adapted for theatre and cinema.
• We know more about its overall 31 than about its author.

His early career

• In Paris, his career was successful and he led the Romantic movement.
• He spoke publicly about social issues, such as 32 and education.
• Napoleon disliked his views and exiled him.

His exile from France

• Victor Hugo had to live elsewhere in 33
• He used his income from the sale of some 34 he had written to buy a house on Guernsey

His house on Guernsey

• Victor Hugo lived in this house until the end of the Empire in France.
• The ground floor contains portraits, 35 and tapestries that he valued.
• He bought cheap 36 made of his wood and turned this into beautiful wall carvings.
• The first floor consists of furnished areas with wallpaper and 37 that have a Chinese design.
• The library still contains many of his favourite books.
• He wrote in a room at the top of the house that had a view of the 38
• He enretained other write as well as poor 39 In his house.
• Victor Hugo’s 40 gave ownership of the house to the city of Paris in 1927.

A Space Traffic management system

• is a concept similar to Air Traffic Control, but for satellites rather than planes.
• Would aim to set up legal and 31 Ways of improving safety.
• does not actually exist at present.

Problem in developing effective Space Traffic Management

• Satellites are now quite 32 and therefore more widespread (e.g. there are constellation made up of 33 of satellites).
• At present, satellites are not required to transmit information to help with their 34.
• There are few systems for 35 satellites.
• Small pieces of debris may be difficult to identify.
• Operators may be unwilling to share details of satellites used for 36 or commercial reasons.
• It may be hard to collect details of the object’s 37 at a given time.
• Scientists can only make a 38 about where the satellite will go.

Solution

• Common standards should be agreed on for the presentation of information.
• The information should be combined in one 39.
• A coordinated system must be designed to create 40 in it user.